The older areas are deserted for new development on the urban fringe, it may be an inefficient use of public resources to let excess infrastructure lie fallow at the centers of cities while constructing new utilities as part of developments at the perimeter.
There is often a mismatch between the location of jobs in the dispersed metropolis and those in need of employment.There may be a second disparity between the ability of public jurisdictions to raise resources through the forms of taxation they have available and the demands for services and social assistance placed upon them.
The evolving metropolitan region has a distinct underlying structure.Employment and shopping clusters have grown up in portions of metropolitan areas that have good highway access.
The next development opportunities in these clusters will involve the huge areas that have been set aside for parking. The difficulty is that all the highways leading to the cluster are likely to be congested already.Local governments resist approving more density unless there are new transportation systems,and a number of developers have begun to create transportation management organizations in suburban clusters.
The conundrum of emerging commercial culsters is that they cannot become true urban centers without mass transit and much higher densities,yet they cannot get government approval for such changes because of worries about congestion and spillover effects in adjacent areas.
There are often no connections among these assorted developments and frequently no sidewalks along the streets,but people create pathways across parking lots or undeveloped areas or lawns wherever they can.
Over the next generation, the traditional city center will no longer be the only venue for cultural and entertainment events.
THE FUTURE OF TRADITIONAL DOWNTOWNS
The future of traditional downtown will become even more specialized subcenters,certainly not the only centers or even the most dominant ones,but important nonetheless.
NEW NEIGHBORHOOD DIVERSITY
Although all the house in a neighborhood may look similar, a close look at mature suburbs will reveal considerable diversity. It is also a mistake to stereotype new metropolitan development.Specialized districts are emerging in outlying parts of the metropolitan region.
NEW REGIONAL DIVERSITY
There are high-tech communities built around research and education that define new metropolitan forms.
The daily and weekly geographic range of people in these linked settlements also appears to be expanding. People can commute outbound as well as inbound,and increased numbers of people who seek urbanity are choosin to locate in central cities even though their jobs may be elsewhere.Outside city centers, new housing being constructed is almost always at much lower densities than in previous years.Cleraly the tax advantages are an important incentive, but the transformation of a tough area like hough would not have happened without the desire of many to live close to urban amenities.
MORE POWER AND RESPONSIBILITY NEED TO DEVOLVE TO LOCAL GOVERNMENTS
At the same time that greater regional capacity is needed, many of the functions operated at the scale of counties or big municipalities could benefit by devolution to smaller entities.
PLANNING IS A NECESSITY FOR SUCCESSFUL CITIES AND REGIONS
If the past century of development leaves any lesson, it is that the detailed relationships,even design,of urban areas ultimately affects their desirability and attractiveness. The next century will require a policy framework that recognizes these as critical aspects of modern life and that creates an accommodation between them.
neighbourhood diversity is really important when creating some kind of character within a city or region - you have to have a variety of areas to achieve different goals , suit different lifestyles and scenes . great post !
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