Modernism and Early Urban Planning---Richard T.LeGates and Frederic Stout

City building has preoccupied kings and cardinals,mayors and burghers,for thousands of years.But it was only in the modern period that urban planning became an accepted profession and a well defined field of study.
NINETEENTH-CENTURY URBAN CRISIS AND REFORM
-The parks movenment
One of the first responses to the horrors and social dislocations of industrial urbanism was the parks movement.The parks movement sought to provide the congested city with "lungs". The enormous increase of urban populations in the nineteenth century and the misery entailed by the industrial revolution greatly compounded urban health problems.
-Ebenezer Howard and the Garden City ideal
The key to improved health was an urban plan that eliminated congestion and kept the open countryside close at hand.
-The Garden City movement begins
-Urban aestheticism and the city beautiful movement
On the continent,this tendency reached its peak with the brilliant writings and designs of Camillo Sitte.
-Daniel Burnham of Chicago
The principal elements of city beautiful design,and its allied civic art movement,were strong axial arrangements,magificent boulevards and impressive public buildings.
-Planning comes of age
Nothing that city beautiful projects have little efffect on the daily lives of working class people,Marsh argued that all public improvements should be argued that all public improvements should be scutinized with a view to the benefits they will confer upon those most in need.
-Progressivism and the city efficient
-Edward Bassett and the master plan
-New towns and regionalism
-The contribution of Patrick Geddes
-New towns for America
-The plan for New York and envions

Prophets of high modernism
---Utopian modernism
---Planning and the great deppression
---Modern housing for the depression poor
Patrick Abercrombie and the Barlow report
-the  barlow report
  In Britain, and elsewhere in Europe,planners saw regionalism and New Towns policies,along with parallel increases in welfarism,that helped in the rebuilding process that was the inevitable work of postwar reconstruction.
  The great accomplishments of early city planning must not be overlooked or undervalued.The great urban parks still enhance the lives of millions and constitute and incalculable asset for the residents of great cities.
  The great premises and programs of  the